Multiple Sclerosis & Heat Sensitivity: Why Indian Summers Can Be Especially Hard - Dr Siri Kamath

Summer brings the normal discomforts, such as sweat, weariness, and the constant desire for shade or a fan.

Heat, however, can cause more than just discomfort for persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). It can temporarily exacerbate their symptoms, leaving them with impaired vision, heavy limbs, or poor thinking.

This tendency is known as heat sensitivity, and it is especially important in countries such as India, where temperatures can exceed 40°C for several months of the year.

Understanding the link between MS and heat is critical not just for persons living with the condition, but also for caregivers and family members who may not understand why a seemingly healthy someone is suddenly unable to walk across the room or hold a conversation.

Why Does Heat Affect MS Patients Differently?

MS is a disorder in which the immune system mistakenly targets the protective layer (myelin) that surrounds nerve fibres in the brain and spinal cord. This disturbs the normal transmission of messages between the brain and the body.

Consider what occurs when your body temperature rises, whether due to external heat, fever, or simply a hot shower. The already damaged neural pathways become even slower. Consider a frayed electric wire; heat acts as a weight, slowing down the signal even more.

This symptom does not indicate that the sickness is worsening; it is transient and usually resolves as the body temperature returns to normal. However, the symptoms during this phase might be severe and disabling.

Common Symptoms Caused by Heat

Heat sensitivity in MS is frequently misdiagnosed as a disease flare-up. This may include:

• Excessive weariness after minimal activity
• Blurry vision, particularly in one eye (Uhthoff's phenomenon).
• Muscle weakness: legs may feel heavy, unsteady, or stiff
• Coordination issues: balance or fine motor skills
• Brain fog: slow thinking, forgetfulness, or difficulty concentrating.
• For some, even a little temperature increase of 0.5°C can cause severe problems.

Why Indian Summers Pose a Unique Challenge?

The climate in India complicates the management of MS. Most regions have extended summer seasons, high humidity, and frequent power outages, making air conditioning problematic for many people.

When combined with cultural habits like hot tea, spicy foods, and outdoor religious or social gatherings, MS sufferers find it impossible to avoid heat exposure.

Furthermore, public transportation and congested settings rarely provide the ventilation and comfort that MS sufferers require. This can make individuals feel isolated or lead them to avoid activities that are part of their daily routine.

Practical Tips for Staying Cool and Functional

Fortunately, there are numerous tiny but effective measures that might help MS sufferers manage their heat sensitivity.

• Use cooling goods, such as neck wraps, vests, or gel packs.
• Plan activities for cooler times of day, such as early morning or late evening.
• Stay hydrated, as even minor dehydration can aggravate heat sensitivity.
• Wear breathable clothing in light colours and natural fibres.
• Ventilate indoor spaces using fans, curtains, and, if possible, air conditioning. Choose lukewarm showers instead of hot ones.

It's also useful to monitor symptoms in connection to temperature. This allows both the patient and the doctor to discover patterns and change drugs or habits as necessary.

Not Only Physical, Heat Affects Cognition Too

One of the most overlooked aspects of MS heat sensitivity is its effect on cognition. Patients may feel mentally "slower" on hot days, taking longer to comprehend information or reply in conversations. Others may interpret this as disinterest or forgetfulness.

Recognizing this trend enables friends, family, and workplaces to be more accommodating. Something as simple as providing a fan or allowing for flexible work hours might go a long way toward helping someone with MS.

Know the Triggers and Seek Support

MS is unexpected as is. When you add the hot Indian heat to the mix, things can become much more difficult. But there is good news: heat-related MS symptoms may be managed, and raising awareness is the first step toward empowerment.

If you or someone you know is experiencing inexplicable exhaustion, eyesight problems, or weakness that worsens with heat, don't dismiss it. These could be symptoms of undiagnosed MS or an indicator that your present treatment strategy needs to be modified.

If you're experiencing heat-related symptoms, see a neurologist or an MS expert. With the appropriate advice, it is perfectly possible to traverse the summer without allowing MS to take over.