World Lung Day: Why Non-Smokers Are Also Vulnerable to Respiratory Diseases
New Delhi: While lung diseases like lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have traditionally been associated with smoking, experts noted a concerning rise in cases among non-smokers, largely attributed to passive smoking and air pollution, on Wednesday.
World Lung Day, celebrated annually on September 25th, aims to raise awareness about lung health and encourage improved lung care globally.
Smoking is a leading cause of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. Quitting smoking can greatly enhance lung health and lower the risk of developing these conditions.
Nonetheless, experts report a notable rise in respiratory cases among non-smokers.
“These are mostly traced to an increased exposure to second-hand smoke and increased air pollution, which are significant risk factors for lung disease. Microscopic pollutants have been found to penetrate the lungs and cause cell damage and inflammation within them, which over time, can induce cancerous mutations,” Dr. Sunil Kumar K, Lead Consultant - Interventional Pulmonology, Aster CMI Hospital, Bengaluru, told IANS.
“Such chronic exposure to polluted air not only harms lung tissue but slowly weakens the immune defense of the body. Even for those who have never smoked, passive smoking poses a serious threat. Breathing in smoke from the environment from someone smoking nearby or lingering smoke indoors can be just as harmful,” the expert added.
Residual toxins from third-hand smoke that linger on surfaces also expose individuals, particularly children and pets, to health risks.
According to the World Health Organization, 99 percent of the global population inhales unhealthy air. Climate change significantly contributes to air pollution, which can adversely affect lung health. Children, older adults, and those with pre-existing respiratory conditions are especially at risk.
Other risk factors for lung issues in non-smokers include childhood respiratory infections that may persist into adulthood, as explained by Dr. Kuldeep Kumar Grover, Head of Critical Care and Pulmonology at CK Birla Hospital, Gurugram, in a statement to IANS.
“Repeated childhood infections may lead to bronchiectasis in lungs, and cystic problems can also destroy lungs,” the expert said
Lung problems such as Respiratory infections, COPD, asthma, and TB infections are the most common among non-smokers, majorly due to low immunity levels, Grover said.
According to Kumar, people in occupations like mining or construction are even more susceptible as they are continuously exposed to carcinogens, dust, and smoke, which disrupts their health.
“While smoking remains a well-known risk factor, much more is required to protect our lungs than avoiding cigarettes. We need cleaner air, smoke-free spaces, and a better understanding of the various hidden dangers we're exposed to every day,” Kumar said.