New Delhi: China is currently experiencing a surge in respiratory infections, with cases of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) sharply rising, especially among children under 14 in northern provinces, according to the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention.
To address the seasonal increase in respiratory illnesses, the National Disease Control and Prevention Administration has launched a pilot monitoring system for pneumonia of unknown origin, Reuters reported.
"China is likely to be affected by various respiratory infectious diseases this winter and spring," said Kan Biao, a CDC official, noting a recent rise in pathogens like rhinovirus, influenza A, and HMPV. However, the overall infection rate this year is expected to be lower than in 2023.
Despite reports and social media posts indicating a crisis, Chinese authorities and the World Health Organization (WHO) have not yet declared a state of emergency.
The media in neighboring countries such as Indonesia, India, and Japan have advised their citizens to stay informed about the situation in China and take necessary precautions. At the same time, Indian health officials have reassured the public, stating that there is no cause for concern.
Dr Atul Goel, Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), said "The spread of HMPV in China is like any other respiratory virus."
"There is no need for alarm, about the present situation," he added.
What is HMPV?
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a single-stranded RNA virus with a negative sense, belonging to the Pneumoviridae family and Metapneumovirus genus.
First identified in 2001 by Dutch researchers in nasopharyngeal aspirate samples from children with respiratory infections of unknown origin, serological studies reveal that HMPV has been circulating globally as a common respiratory pathogen for over 60 years.
Symptoms of HMPV
According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HMPV typically presents with symptoms such as cough, fever, nasal congestion, and shortness of breath.
In some cases, the infection can progress to bronchitis or pneumonia, resembling other viral respiratory infections. The incubation period is estimated to be 3 to 6 days, with the median duration of illness varying based on severity but generally similar to other viral respiratory conditions.
Who is at risk of HMPV?
Children under five, especially infants, older adults (particularly those over 65), and individuals with weakened immune systems or chronic respiratory conditions such as asthma or COPD are at increased risk.
How does HMPV transmit?
HMPV spreads through respiratory droplets, direct contact, and potentially airborne particles. Symptoms can range from mild, like a runny nose, to severe, such as breathing difficulties and chest pain.
While infections can occur year-round, HMPV is most contagious during late winter and early spring. The current surge in cases coincides with the peak season for respiratory illnesses, alongside the rapid spread of other viruses like influenza A, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and COVID-19.
Prevention of HMPV
According to the USCDC guidelines, here are the preventive measures for HMPV and other respiratory viruses:
- Wash hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
- Avoid touching eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands.
- Steer clear of close contact with individuals who are unwell.
For patients exhibiting cold-like symptoms:
- Cover mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
- Wash hands regularly and thoroughly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
- Refrain from sharing cups or eating utensils.
- Avoid kissing others.
- Stay home when feeling sick.
Additionally, disinfecting potentially contaminated surfaces, such as doorknobs and shared toys, can help reduce the spread of HMPV.