Understanding Vitiligo: Myths and Facts about Vitiligo - Dr Asha Zacharia

Vitiligo is a common and chronic skin condition. It is characterised by white patches on the skin resulting from the loss of melanocytes (cells that produce skin pigment). It is believed to be caused by the body’s own immune system attacking these cells, but the reason for this is unknown. It can appear at any age, but the peak incidence occurs in the second and third decade. Furthermore, it can be either limited to one area or have a generalised distribution.

Vitiligo has an unpredictable course, and some people may notice spontaneous repigmentation. It has a profound impact on the quality of life. This skin condition can affect a person's self-esteem, and he or she can be subjected to social stigmatisation. Stress can in fact aggravate vitiligo. Raising awareness is one way to dispel the damaging myths and misunderstanding surrounding this visible disorder.

MYTH 1

All white patches are vitiligo.

FACT

There are many white patch disorders which are not vitiligo. White-coloured birthmarks, fungal infection (tinea versicolor), leprosy, post-inflammatory (patches occurring after sun exposure, trauma or burns) and albinism can all mimic vitiligo.

MYTH 2

Genetics play an essential role in vitiligo.

FACT

The condition can be passed on from parent to child, however this occurs only in a small proportion of individuals. Studies have found a small link between vitiligo and a family history of autoimmune illnesses (hypothyroidism, diabetes),

MYTH 3

Vitiligo is contagious.

FACT

Vitiligo is NOT contagious. It does not spread through close contact, touch, or sharing personal items.

MYTH 4

Is it caused by consuming white-coloured food products, fish or milk, or sour fruits (lemon, oranges, curd)

FACT

There is no scientific data showing a link to food. However, foods that are rich in antioxidants can reduce the oxidative stress in skin and can provide some benefit.

MYTH 5

Having mixed-race parents can result in babies being born with patchy, uneven skin.

FACT

People with vitiligo are born with NORMAL skin.

MYTH 6

Only dark-skinned individuals get vitiligo.

FACT

Vitiligo affects people of all races although it is more noticeable in dark skin.

MYTH 7

Dermatologists can predict the spread of vitiligo just by the appearance of the skin.

FACT

Vitiligo can be progressive, but not always so. There is no way to predict the duration and extent of spread.

MYTH 8

Vitiligo can be cured.

FACT

It is unpredictable, and the response to treatment can be slow and variable. Treatment cannot cure vitiligo but can restore lost skin colour. To maintain the response, treatment might have to be continued.

There are a number of treatment modalities like topical and oral medications, UV light therapy, laser, vitiligo surgery and tattooing. There are options to camouflage the affected areas. Proper treatment can also show signs of repigmentation especially on hairy areas compared to non-hair bearing areas (lips, fingertips, palms, toes and soles).

Vitiligo is not a disease but a cosmetic problem. Awareness will remove stigma and help avoid bullying, especially in children. Patient compliance, family support, trust in the treating doctor, having an understanding of the condition, and avoiding mixing modern medicine with alternative therapies and home remedies, are important factors in providing safe and effective treatment.