Nobel Prize in Medicine 2025: Demystifying the Immune System
What did they discover?
Discoveries that changed how we understand our body’s defence system.
The Winners
Mary E. Brunkow (US) ,Fred Ramsdell (US) , Shimon Sakaguchi (Japan)
Shimon Sakaguchi Discovery
Found a new type of immune cell that protects our own body. Help prevent autoimmune diseases.
Brunkow & Ramsdell’s Discovery
Found a gene called Foxp3 in mice with immune problems .Found that a similar gene in humans causes a serious disease .
How It All Came Together
These cells keep our immune system from attacking our own body. This helped scientists better understand how the immune system works.
Why This Discovery Is Important
Helps treat autoimmune diseases (like Type 1 diabetes, lupus), Helps improve cancer treatments, Helps make organ transplants more successful.
Impact on Medicine
Inspired new treatments for: Cancer, Autoimmune disorders ,Organ transplantation.
The Legacy
From the lab to life-saving therapies, their work shows the power of curiosity and collaboration. Shared prize: 11 million Swedish kronor (~₹10 crore).
Celebrating discoveries that help our bodies protect — not attack — themselves.