Aerobic and Resistance Exercises May Lower Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence: Study

New Delhi: A new study suggests that combining moderate- to high-intensity aerobic exercise with resistance training several times a week could help lower the risk of breast cancer recurrence by reducing inflammation triggered by cancer treatments.

The research, led by scientists at Edith Cowan University (ECU) in Australia and published in the JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, emphasizes the potential of structured physical activity in improving long-term outcomes for women with non-metastatic breast cancer. Despite medical advances, breast cancer recurrence remains a significant concern—especially in more aggressive forms where recurrence rates can reach 20% to 30%.

According to Francesco Bettariga, a doctoral student at ECU and lead author of the study, treatment modalities like chemotherapy, radiation, and hormone therapy are known to elevate inflammation in the body, which in turn may increase the risk of cancer recurrence. Chronic inflammation is associated with cancer progression and survival of residual cancer cells.

The study observed that regular participation in both aerobic activities—such as running, swimming, or stair climbing—and resistance training—like push-ups and bench presses—can significantly reduce key pro-inflammatory biomarkers. Bettariga highlighted that three specific markers linked to inflammation showed meaningful declines with consistent physical activity.

While the underlying mechanisms are still being explored, the researchers are investigating two primary theories. One is that exercise stimulates skeletal muscles to release anti-inflammatory chemicals known as myokines. Another theory points to increases in lean muscle mass and reductions in body fat, which may contribute to better inflammatory regulation.

Bettariga recommends a regimen of moderate- to high-intensity aerobic exercises two to three times a week, complemented by resistance training several times per week. Although formal exercise guidelines specific to cancer recurrence prevention are still lacking, the researchers believe that this combination could be a valuable, non-invasive tool for survivorship care.

The findings add to the growing body of evidence that lifestyle interventions—particularly physical activity—can play a critical role in improving cancer outcomes and quality of life for survivors.