Cervical Cancer Awareness: Key to Cervical Health & Early Detection for Prevention - Dr Kevin Quadros

Cervical health is a vital aspect of women’s overall well-being, yet it often remains under-discussed. The cervix, the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina, plays a critical role in reproductive and sexual health.

Importance of Cervical Health

For a number of reasons, cervical health is vital. It is essential for menstruation, pregnancy, and childbirth, among other reproductive processes.

Furthermore, infections, precancerous alterations, and cervical cancer are among the disorders that can affect the cervix. A serious public health issue is cervical cancer, which is mostly brought on by recurrent infection with high-risk HPV strains.

It is possible to stop small problems from developing into serious illnesses by maintaining good cervical health. Maintaining general health and wellbeing requires routine gynaecological examinations and knowledge of the signs of cervical abnormalities. In order to avoid serious consequences like cervical cancer, early detection of cervical health issues is essential.

Early Detection of Cervical Issues

1. Pap Smear Test

A Pap smear is a screening test where cells are gently collected from the cervix to check for abnormalities. The test can detect early changes in cervical cells, which might indicate precancerous conditions.

By identifying these changes early, the Pap smear allows for prompt intervention and treatment before the cells become cancerous. Regular Pap smears are crucial for the early detection and prevention of cervical cancer.

Moreover, Liquid Based Cytology (LBC) has largely replaced the traditional Pap smear. This test provides a clearer sample and is more effective in detecting abnormalities compared to the conventional Pap smear.

2. HPV Test

The HPV test checks for the presence of high-risk types of the human papillomavirus (HPV), which are known to cause cervical cancer. HPV is a common virus, but certain strains can lead to serious complications like cervical cancer over time.

The test can be done alone or alongside a Pap smear for more comprehensive screening. Detecting high-risk HPV early can help identify women at higher risk for cervical cancer, enabling proactive monitoring and treatment to prevent the development of cancer.

Frequency of Check-ups

Women are generally advised to start cervical screening at the age of 21. For women aged 21-29, LBC testing should be done every three years. For women aged 30-65, co-testing with LBC and HPV is recommended every five years, or LBC alone every three years.

Role of Colposcopy

If abnormal results are found in LBC or HPV tests, a colposcopy may be recommended. A colposcopy is a procedure where a special microscope is used to closely examine the cervix for signs of disease.

It allows the healthcare provider to take a closer look at abnormal areas and, if necessary, collect a tissue sample (biopsy) for further testing.

Causes of Cervical Health Issues

Cervical health issues are primarily caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV), which is transmitted through sexual contact and is the leading cause of cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer.

Other factors include smoking, which weakens the immune system. Engaging in sexual activity at an early age, having multiple sexual partners, long-term use of oral contraceptives, and a family history of cervical cancer also increase the risk.

Symptoms of Cervical Health Issues

Symptoms of cervical health issues vary depending on the condition. Cervical dysplasia is often asymptomatic and usually detected through routine Pap smears.

Early stages of cervical cancer may also show no symptoms, while advanced stages can present with abnormal vaginal bleeding, unusual discharge, and pelvic pain.

Cervicitis can cause vaginal discharge, pain during intercourse, and bleeding between periods. HPV infections are often asymptomatic, though some strains can cause genital warts.

Preventive Measures

Prevention of cervical health issues, particularly cervical cancer, are as follows:

HPV Vaccination: The most prevalent high-risk HPV varieties can be avoided with the use of the HPV vaccine. Although it can be administered as early as age 9 and as late as age 45, the vaccine is advised for both boys and girls beginning at ages 11 to 12.

Frequent Screening: As previously indicated, routine HPV testing and Pap smears are crucial for identifying any alterations early.

Safe Sexual Practices: Since HPV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, practising safe sex by using condoms and limiting the number of sexual partners can reduce the risk of HPV infection.

Smoking Cessation: Smoking increases the risk of cervical cancer by weakening the immune system and promoting harmful cell changes in the cervix. Quitting smoking improves immune function and reduces cancer risk. Even after years of smoking, quitting lowers the likelihood of developing cervical cancer.

Maintaining a Healthy Lifestyle: A healthy diet, regular exercise, and sufficient sleep strengthen the immune system, making it more effective at fighting infections. This reduces the risk of cervical cancer and enhances overall health.