Reducing Cervical Cancer Risk: Key Lifestyle and Hygiene Practices for Prevention - Dr Mukul Roy

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women globally with 660 000 new cases and resulting in 350 000 deaths in 2022 as per World Health Organisation.

A scientific review article review highlighted that early age of marriage, non-maintenance of personal hygiene, and multiple sexual partners were major risk factors for developing Cervical Cancer among 32.68%, 25.22%, and 23.01% women, respectively.

The highest rates of cervical cancer incidence and deaths are in low- and middle-income countries, reflecting the inequities due to lack of access to national HPV vaccination, cervical screening, treatment services, social & economic determinants.

Cervical cancer is caused by long term infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). Women with HIV positivity are 6 times more likely to get cervical cancer.

Prophylactic vaccination against HPV and screening and treatment of pre-cancer lesions are effective strategies to prevent cervical cancer and are very cost-effective. Cervical cancer can be cured if diagnosed at an early stage and treated promptly.

Countries around the world are working to fasten elimination of cervical cancer in the coming years, with an agreed set of three targets to be met by 2030.

In order to reduce cervical cancers, there are certain lifestyle Changes that can reduce your cervical cancer risk -

• Practising safe sex habits
• Preventing chronic HPV infections
• Maintaining optimum body weight
• Having an active lifestyle
• Consuming nutritional foods
• Refraining from tobacco and alcohol consumption
• Opting for HPV vaccination
• Undergoing regular cervical cancer screening

In addition, the following hygiene practices can greatly reduce the possibility of developing cervical cancer -

1. Proper Menstrual Hygiene

Using sanitary products that suit the body, changing them regularly, and maintaining good menstrual hygiene practices are essential to prevent infections and promote overall reproductive health.

2. Gentle Cleansing

When cleansing the genital area, opt for mild, fragrance-free soaps. Harsh chemicals or strong fragrances can irritate the delicate tissues and disturb the natural balance of the vaginal flora.

3. Avoiding Douching

Douching disrupts the natural balance of bacteria in vagina, increases the risk of infections. It's best to avoid douching and let the body maintain its natural pH.

4. Wearing Breathable/Comfortable Underwear

Choosing cotton underwear that allow proper airflow, reducing moisture and preventing growth of harmful bacteria is a must. Avoid tight-fitting clothing that can trap heat and moisture, which in turn enhances the chances of genital infections.

5. Maintaining a Healthy Lifestyle

A balanced diet, adequate hydration, and proper hydration contribute to overall health, including reproductive health. A healthy lifestyle also enhances the immune system in avoiding all infections.

Cervical cancer awareness goes parallel with promoting genital hygiene practices that empower women to take charge of their reproductive health. Regular screenings, safe sexual practices, and simple and effective hygiene habits significantly reduces the risk of cervical cancer.

In an open dialogue about cervical health and providing accessible information, we can collectively work towards a future where cervical cancer is not just treatable but preventable. We must realise that our health is in our hands, and taking proactive steps today can lead to a healthier tomorrow.