Liver Cancer in India: Understanding Risks and Early Detection of Liver Cancer - Dr Rajeev Vijayakumar

I see far too many cases of liver cancer diagnosed at an advanced stage. This is a tragedy, because early detection significantly improves treatment options and outcomes.I want to empower you with knowledge about liver cancer, its risk factors, and the screening tests readily available in India. Remember, knowledge is our greatest weapon in the fight against cancer.

Who is Most Susceptible?

Several factors increase your risk of developing liver cancer. Here are the key ones to be aware of:

• Chronic Viral Hepatitis: Chronic infection with the hepatitis B or C virus is a major risk factor in India. These infections can lead to cirrhosis, a condition where healthy liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue, significantly increasing cancer risk.
• Cirrhosis: This condition, regardless of cause, raises your risk of liver cancer. Chronic hepatitis B or C are common causes, but heavy alcohol use can also contribute to cirrhosis.

• Other Risk Factors:
• Aflatoxin Contamination in Foodstuffs: This toxin produced by mould on certain foods like peanuts and corn can increase risk, especially in combination with hepatitis B. Be mindful of food storage practices to minimize exposure.
• Heavy Alcohol Use: Damages the liver and contributes to cirrhosis and cancer. Moderation is key.
• Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: May increase risk, especially when combined with other risk factors. Maintaining a healthy weight and managing diabetes are crucial.
• Family History: Having a close relative with liver cancer slightly increases your risk. Discuss family history with your doctor.
• Certain Inherited Conditions: Rare genetic diseases like haemochromatosis can raise risk. Genetic testing may be an option for high-risk families.
• Smoking: May increase your risk of liver cancer. Quitting smoking offers numerous health benefits.

Early Detection Saves Lives

Since symptoms of liver cancer often appear late, regular screening is crucial for early detection when treatment is most effective. Don't wait for symptoms to arise.

Screening Options Available in India

While research on advanced genetic testing is ongoing, some established screening tests are readily available and can be lifesaving:

1. Comprehensive Evaluation: Your doctor will perform a thorough physical examination and review your medical history to assess your overall health and identify any potential risk factors for liver cancer.

2. Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) Level Check: This blood test measures the level of a protein produced by the liver. While elevated AFP can be a sign of liver cancer, it's important to note that other conditions can also cause this.

3. Liver Function Blood Tests: These tests evaluate how well your liver is functioning and can detect abnormalities that might suggest the presence of cancer.

4. Imaging Techniques:

• Ultrasound: This painless procedure uses sound waves to create a detailed image of your liver. It's a widely available and cost-effective screening tool, but it may not detect very small tumours.
• CT Scan or MRI Scan: These advanced imaging techniques provide even more precise pictures of your liver and can be helpful in diagnosing cancer. However, they are generally more expensive than ultrasounds.

5. Biopsy (if necessary): If imaging tests raise concerns about cancer, a biopsy may be recommended. This minimally invasive procedure involves extracting a small tissue sample from the liver for examination under a microscope to confirm or rule out a diagnosis.

How Often Should High-Risk Individuals Get Screened?

The frequency of screening depends on your individual risk factors. Consult your doctor to determine the best screening schedule for you. Generally, high-risk individuals like those with chronic hepatitis B or C may need to be screened more frequently, perhaps every 6 months with ultrasound and AFP testing.

Remember, Early Detection is Key

Liver cancer is a serious disease, but early detection significantly improves the chances of successful treatment. If you are at high risk, talk to your doctor about screening options. Taking charge of your health through early detection is the first step towards a brighter future.