Early Puberty and Childbirth Linked to Higher Risk of Diabetes, Heart Disease & Obesity: Study

New Delhi: Girls who experience puberty before the age of 11 or women who give birth before turning 21 may face significantly higher health risks later in life, according to a recent study conducted by researchers at the Buck Institute for Research on Ageing, US.

The study found that early reproductive events can double a woman’s risk of developing type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and obesity. Even more concerning, the risk of developing severe metabolic disorders is increased fourfold. In contrast, women who undergo puberty and childbirth later in life are more likely to enjoy a longer lifespan, reduced frailty, slower biological ageing, and a lower risk of age-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s.

Lead researcher Professor Pankaj Kapahi explained, “We show that genetic factors favouring early reproduction come with a significant cost later in life, including accelerated ageing and disease. It makes sense that the very factors that help enhance the survival of the offspring may lead to detrimental consequences for the mother.”

The study, published in the journal eLife, used regression analysis to examine data from nearly 200,000 women in the UK. Through this large-scale genetic study, researchers identified 126 genetic markers that link early puberty and childbirth with age-related health issues.

One of the key findings was the role of Body Mass Index (BMI) as a central factor. Women who go through early puberty or have children at a younger age tend to have a higher BMI, which in turn increases their chances of developing obesity and metabolic disorders.

“Enhancing the ability to absorb nutrients might benefit the child, but in a modern context where nutrients are abundant, this can raise the risk of obesity and diabetes,” Kapahi added.

The researchers emphasised the importance of recognising the long-term health impacts of early reproductive milestones. They suggest that public health efforts should include personalised strategies for women who go through early puberty or childbirth. These may involve metabolic screenings, lifestyle adjustments, and dietary recommendations to help reduce long-term health risks and improve overall well-being.