New Research Finds Cooling the Chest Works Better Than Heating Hands for Comfort

A new study from the University of Nottingham’s Faculty of Engineering has found that the temperature of our skin, especially on areas like the face and hands, is a strong indicator of how hot, cold, or comfortable we feel. These insights could lead to better designed buildings, smarter wearable technology, and more energy efficient climate control systems.

The research, published in the journal Energy and Built Environment, analyzed data from 172 studies conducted since 2000. It is the most comprehensive review to date on the relationship between skin temperature and thermal sensation. While earlier studies in this field were scattered and inconsistent, this analysis brings the findings together to offer clearer guidance for future applications.

The researchers identified specific body areas that are not only highly responsive to temperature changes but also easy to monitor, making them ideal for real world use. They discovered that cooling certain areas, like the back or chest, is significantly more effective in improving comfort than local heating. This insight has important implications for designing targeted climate solutions in buildings and wearable devices.

The study also highlights that thermal comfort varies across different groups. Older adults are generally less sensitive to heat, increasing their risk of overheating. Some studies show women tend to be more temperature sensitive, although findings vary. People from warmer climates also respond differently to temperature than those from cooler regions, emphasizing the need for personalized comfort solutions.

The Nottingham team is further researching how video cameras and artificial intelligence can be used to predict comfort levels by analyzing physiological signals like skin temperature. This technology could be especially useful for individuals who are unable to express discomfort, such as young children, elderly adults, or people with cognitive challenges.

According to Associate Professor John Calautit, the study lays the groundwork for developing smarter, safer, and more inclusive indoor environments. With this data, future buildings could automatically adapt temperature settings to improve comfort while also enhancing energy efficiency.