New Delhi: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, widely used for weight loss and blood sugar management, may also protect kidneys, even in individuals without diabetes, according to a study led by Indian-origin researcher Professor Sunil Badve. Published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, the findings suggest that these medications could significantly benefit people with or without diabetes.
Initially developed to treat diabetes, GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide (Ozempic/Wegovy), dulaglutide (Trulicity), and liraglutide (Victoza) stimulate insulin production and lower blood sugar by mimicking the hormone glucagon-like peptide-1. They also aid weight loss by slowing digestion, increasing satiety, and reducing hunger.
The study, conducted by researchers at the George Institute for Global Health, aimed to evaluate the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on chronic kidney disease (CKD), which affects an estimated 850 million people worldwide. The team conducted a meta-analysis of 11 large-scale clinical trials involving 85,373 participants, including 67,769 with Type 2 diabetes and 17,604 overweight or obese individuals with cardiovascular disease but not diabetes.
The research investigated seven different GLP-1 receptor agonists and found that these drugs reduced the risk of kidney failure by 16% compared to a placebo. Additionally, the decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)—a key indicator of kidney function—was 22% slower in those treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists. Overall, the drugs reduced the combined risk of kidney failure, worsening kidney function, and death due to kidney disease by 19%
The study highlights the dual benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists for metabolic and kidney health. Given their potential to mitigate kidney disease progression, these drugs may offer an additional treatment option for individuals with or at risk of CKD.
The findings underscore the broader applications of GLP-1 receptor agonists beyond diabetes and weight management, opening new avenues for their use in improving kidney health globally.