Who Is Really at Risk of Aspergillus Infection? The Answer May Surprise You - Dr Vidya Krishna

The term “fungal infection,” is often associated with uncommon or severe medical conditions. But it is important to note that Aspergillus is a common fungus present in air, soil, dust, and decaying leaves which means we all inhale its spores every day.

In India alone, an estimated 250,900 cases of invasive aspergillosis occur annually. While most healthy individuals remain unaffected, many people face a higher risk than they may realise, often without being aware of it.

What Is Aspergillus & Who does it affect the most?

Aspergillus is a group of fungi that release tiny spores into the air. These spores are usually harmless, but in some people, they can cause allergic reactions, chronic lung problems, or even serious infections. Aspergillus-related diseases frequently go undiagnosed as the symptoms often resemble other respiratory illnesses. The most vulnerable group include-

• People With Pre-existing Lung Conditions

Individuals with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis, or a history of tuberculosis have lungs that are more susceptible to fungal infection. In such cases, Aspergillus can worsen breathing problems or cause long-term complications.

• Diabetes and Long-Term Steroid Use

People with diabetes, especially if their sugar levels are not well controlled, may have an impaired ability to fight infections. Additionally, long-term usage of steroids typically for the treatment of asthma, arthritis, or autoimmune diseases may affect the immune system and make it prone to infections by fungi.

• Transplant Recipients and Cancer Patients

Patients undergoing chemotherapy, organ transplants, or other treatments that suppress immunity are some of the most susceptible individuals. Aspergillus infection can be lethal if untreated for these people.

Early Detection is the key

Symptoms such as persistent cough (with or without blood in sputum), difficulty breathing, wheezing, chest pain, fever, and tiredness are commonly attributed to asthma, TB, and bacterial infections. When untreated, the conditions can have serious health implications.

Understanding who is truly at risk helps people seek timely medical advice and encourages clinicians to consider fungal infections when symptoms don’t improve substantially. Awareness, early detection, and the right diagnosis are key to lessening the burden of Aspergillus infections and protecting those who may be unknowingly vulnerable.

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