Celiac Disease: Symptoms, Risks, and Gluten-Free Management - Nt Ambika Setia

Today, we’re diving into an important topic that affects many individuals - Celiac Disease. As a nutritionist, I believe it’s essential to understand this autoimmune disorder and how dietary choices can impact those living with it.

What is Celiac Disease?

Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition triggered by the consumption of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. For those with celiac disease, eating gluten causes the immune system to attack the small intestine, leading to inflammation and damage. This not only disrupts nutrient absorption but can also lead to various gastrointestinal and systemic symptoms, such as bloating, diarrhoea, and fatigue.

How can one develop Celiac Disease?

Celiac disease can develop at any age, often being diagnosed in childhood or early adulthood. While the exact cause remains somewhat mysterious, it typically involves a combination of genetic factors and environmental triggers.

There are many people may not show symptoms until later in life, and can develop celiac even after the age of 20.

Factors that can contribute to the onset of celiac disease in adults include:

1. Genetic Predisposition: Individuals may carry the genetic markers (HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8) without being diagnosed until later.

2. Environmental Triggers: Significant life events, such as infections, stress, or changes in diet, can trigger the onset of the disease.

3. Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations related to pregnancy, menopause, or other life stages may also play a role. Testing for celiac disease typically involves a combination of blood tests and, in some cases, a biopsy.

The tTG DGP screen refers to a specific blood test used to help diagnose celiac disease. It combines two tests:

1. tTG (Tissue Transglutaminase) Antibodies: This test measures antibodies to tissue transglutaminase, an enzyme that plays a role in gluten metabolism. Elevated levels of these antibodies are commonly found in individuals with celiac disease.

2. DGP (Deamidated Gliadin Peptide) Antibodies: This test measures antibodies to deamidated gliadin peptides, which are components of gluten that can trigger an immune response in people with celiac disease. The DGP test is particularly useful for identifying celiac disease in patients who may have negative tTG results but still exhibit symptoms. It is important to note that these tests are most accurate when the individual is consuming gluten-containing foods, as removing gluten from the diet can lead to false-negative results.

Long-term Health Effects of Untreated Celiac Disease

If celiac disease goes untreated, it can lead to serious long-term health issues. The chronic inflammation can result in malabsorption of essential nutrients, leading to deficiencies in iron, calcium, and folate.

This may cause anaemia, osteoporosis - increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures due to malabsorption of calcium and vitamin D, and neurological issues such as peripheral neuropathy and ataxia (coordination problems).

Furthermore, untreated celiac disease increases the risk of developing other autoimmune disorders such as type 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroid disease, and rheumatoid arthritis, also certain cancers, particularly lymphoma.

Untreated celiac disease can lead to serious and varied long-term health issues. Early diagnosis and strict adherence to a gluten-free diet can help mitigate these risks and improve quality of life.

Dietary Modifications for Management

The cornerstone of managing celiac disease is adhering to a strict gluten-free diet. This means completely eliminating gluten from your diet, which involves avoiding wheat, barley, rye, and products derived from these grains. Always read food labels carefully, as gluten can be hidden in many processed foods, sauces, and even medications.

To effectively manage the condition, focus on whole, unprocessed foods. Incorporate plenty of fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and legumes into your meals. Gluten-free grains like rice, quinoa, millet, and certified gluten-free oats are excellent alternatives. Meal planning is crucial to ensure a balanced intake of nutrients while avoiding gluten. Working with a registered dietitian can be incredibly beneficial, providing tailored guidance to help navigate dietary restrictions and meet nutritional needs.

Final Thoughts

Celiac disease is a significant health concern that requires lifelong management through a strict gluten-free diet. By raising awareness and understanding of this condition, we can support those living with celiac disease in our community.

If you or someone you know is affected by celiac disease, remember that with the right dietary choices and support, it’s possible to lead a healthy, fulfilling life. Let’s create a supportive space for everyone navigating this journey!

Stay healthy and informed!