Why Early Detection and Treatment of Childhood Heart Diseases is Essential - Dr Somashekar CM

Heart disease is often considered to be a disease that adults have; however, congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common heart defects in children at birth.

In India alone, CHD affects nearly 2 lakh children each year, and about one in four of these children will require medical or surgical intervention early in their life, often within the first year. If detected early, CHD can be treated with good results and fewer complications.

The Role of Early Diagnosis

The heart develops quickly in early pregnancy, and any interruption in that development can lead to structural changes that range from small and safe defects to complex malformations.

Prenatal screening, including foetal echocardiography, allows for an early diagnosis even before birth. Then, for postnatal screening, regular check-ups by the family doctor will identify “red flags” such as rapid breathing, poor feeding, failure to thrive, or cyanosis (bluish skin colour), all of which can be mistaken for generic childhood illnesses.

Delaying the diagnosis of congenital heart disease increases the risk of heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and other complications, leaving the child with a more complicated treatment plan.

Advances in Treatment

Medical and surgical advances have changed the overall care of childhood heart disease, and many non-invasive catheter-based procedures or more advanced cardiac surgery modify many of the congenital defects with very good outcomes.

If treated early, the child can undergo the corrective procedure as an infant, allowing them to grow, develop, and thrive with minimal lifestyle alterations.

Timely intervention improves survival as well as the growth, cognitive development, and emotional well-being of children. When treated early, children are more likely to go to school, participate in physical activity, and live happy and healthy lives.

Delayed treatment of congenital heart disease results in increased hospitalisations, complications, and emotional and financial burden on families.

Awareness and Access

In India, a major barrier to accessing effective specialised pediatric cardiac care is awareness and access, especially in small towns and rural areas. Obstetricians, paediatricians, and primary care providers are critical in recognising children early and referring them on time.

Public health initiatives, newborn screening programs, and accessibility to advanced cardiac care must be strengthened to alleviate the burden of heart disease in children.

Conclusion

Every child has the right to a healthy start in life. Early diagnosis and treatment of heart disease can change outcomes for children, so that they not only survive, but can enjoy being active in the full life of their family and community.

As cardiologists, we must be advocates for awareness, appropriate, timely intervention, and comprehensive care, so every child has the opportunity to be who they wish to be.

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