Study links Western diet to lung cancer progression

A new study has revealed a striking link between diet and lung cancer risk, shedding light on how the Western diet, typically rich in salt, sugar, and fat could contribute to the disease. The research, published in Nature Metabolism, underscores the role of glycogen accumulation in the progression of lung cancer, a factor that has largely been overlooked in previous studies.

"Lung cancer has not traditionally been thought of as a dietary-related disease," said Ramon Sun, Associate Professor and Director of the University of Florida’s Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research.

"Diseases like pancreatic cancer or liver cancer, yes. However, when it comes to lung cancer, the idea that diet could play a role is rarely discussed," he added.

The study focused on glycogen, a glucose storage molecule, and its impact on cancer development. Researchers discovered that glycogen builds up in various types of cancers, but its effects in lung cancer have been particularly noteworthy. Using lab models and advanced computer simulations, the team found that glycogen functions as an "oncogenic metabolite," meaning it actively fuels tumour growth. The researchers described this process as akin to a "giant lollipop for cancer’s sweet tooth."

To further explore the connection, the team conducted controlled dietary experiments on mice. They observed that when the mice were fed a high-fat, high-fructose Western diet, their lung tumours became significantly larger due to a surge in glycogen levels in the blood. However, when the researchers reduced glycogen levels, the tumours shrank, confirming its role in cancer progression.

"In short, the typical Western diet increases glycogen levels, and glycogen feeds lung cancer tumours by providing their building blocks for growth," the researchers explained.

Beyond its role in tumour growth, glycogen accumulation also proved to be a reliable indicator of disease severity. Sun emphasized that high glycogen levels serve as a strong predictor of tumour growth and survival outcomes in lung cancer patients. These findings highlight the urgent need for dietary awareness and public health policies to address potential risk factors beyond smoking and environmental exposures.

Sun further urged that just as anti-smoking campaigns transformed public attitudes toward lung cancer prevention, dietary education should become a key focus in cancer prevention efforts.

"Prioritising a nutrient-rich diet, maintaining an active lifestyle, and minimising alcohol intake are foundational strategies for long-term health," the research team concluded.

These findings challenge the traditional perception that lung cancer is solely linked to smoking or genetic factors. While quitting smoking remains crucial, this study suggests that dietary modifications could play a complementary role in reducing lung cancer risk—a message that could shape future public health recommendations.

(with inputs from IANS)