Thyroid Awareness Month 2025: Experts Highlight Impact of Thyroid Disorders on Pregnancy and Fertility

New Delhi: Thyroid disorders during pregnancy are increasingly common, with conditions like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism significantly impacting maternal and fetal health.

Experts highlight the critical role thyroid hormones play in the development of a baby’s brain and nervous system, making early diagnosis and timely treatment essential for a healthy pregnancy.

The thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped organ located in the neck, regulates vital functions like metabolism and energy levels.

During pregnancy, thyroid dysfunctions such as hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) or hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) can arise, often due to autoimmune disorders, iodine deficiency, or pre-existing conditions.

"Thyroid dysfunction can affect 2–3 in every 100 pregnancies. Many pregnant women experience symptoms like fatigue, weight changes, swelling, and mood shifts," said Dr. Preethika Shetty, Consultant Obstetrician & Gynecologist at Motherhood Hospitals, Kharadi. "With early detection via regular screenings and blood tests, and appropriate treatment like hormone therapy or medication, most thyroid-related complications can be effectively managed. Pregnant women are also encouraged to maintain a balanced diet rich in iodine and opt for regular prenatal care for prevention. We observe at least 15 cases of pregnancy with hypothyroidism monthly, primarily in women aged 30 to 40."

Untreated thyroid issues can lead to complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, or developmental delays in the baby.

Dr. Shetty emphasized, "Routine screenings, especially for women with a family history of thyroid problems or symptoms, are vital during prenatal checkups. Treatment includes medication, iodine-rich foods like eggs, spinach, broccoli, and dairy, and regular monitoring of thyroid hormone levels throughout pregnancy."

"Thyroid disorders also account for 10-15% of infertility cases in women," added Dr. Nisha Pansare, Fertility Specialist at Nova IVF Fertility, Pune. "We emphasize routine screenings and personalized treatment plans to ensure the health and well-being of both mother and baby. Women trying to conceive should undergo thyroid tests and follow fertility specialists' recommendations to reduce complications and achieve a healthy pregnancy journey."

With proper care and timely interventions, thyroid-related complications during pregnancy can be managed effectively, ensuring better outcomes for both mother and child.