Obesity Induced Cancer Risks in Women: Risks, Mechanisms, and Prevention - Dr Monika Pansari
Obesity has emerged as a significant public health concern, affecting millions worldwide. While its impact on cardiovascular health and diabetes is well-known, a lesser-discussed but equally critical aspect is its connection to women's cancer. Research reveals a disturbing link between obesity and increased risk of various cancers affecting women.
Obesity and Cancer Risk: Statistics
Studies have consistently shown that obesity increases the risk of several cancers in women. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), excess body fat is associated with a higher risk of breast, endometrial, ovarian, and colorectal cancers.
Types of Cancer Linked to Obesity
1. Breast Cancer
Obesity, particularly after menopause, increases the risk of breast cancer. Fat tissue produces estrogen, which can stimulate cancer cell growth. Moreover, obese women often experience delayed diagnosis due to dense breast tissue, making mammograms less effective.
2. Endometrial Cancer
Obesity is the primary risk factor for endometrial cancer, increasing the likelihood by 2-4 times. Excess estrogen production and insulin resistance contribute to this heightened risk.
3. Ovarian Cancer
While the link is less established, some studies suggest obesity may increase ovarian cancer risk, particularly in premenopausal women.
4. Colorectal Cancer
Obesity increases the risk of colorectal cancer, with a higher risk observed in women than men.
Mechanisms Behind the Link
Several factors contribute to the obesity-cancer connection:
- Hormonal Imbalance: Excess fat tissue alters hormone production, including insulin and estrogen, promoting cancer cell growth.
- Inflammation: Obesity-induced chronic inflammation damages DNA and disrupts cellular processes.
- Insulin Resistance: Obesity-related insulin resistance leads to increased insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), stimulating cell proliferation.
Prevention and Management
While the link between obesity and women's cancer is concerning, it's not inevitable. Adopting healthy lifestyle choices can significantly reduce the risk:
- Maintain a Healthy Weight: Aim for a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9.
- Physical Activity: Engage in regular exercise, such as walking, cycling, or swimming.
- Balanced Diet: Focus on whole foods, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins.
- Screenings and Check-Ups: Regular cancer screenings and health check-ups are crucial.
The connection between obesity and women's cancer is undeniable. By understanding the risks and mechanisms, women can take proactive steps to protect their health.
Embracing a healthy lifestyle, maintaining a balanced weight, and staying informed about cancer screenings can significantly reduce the risk of obesity-related cancers. It's time to acknowledge the gravity of this link and work towards a healthier, cancer-free future.
Dr Monika Pansari (MBBS, MS (Surgery), DNB (Surgical Oncology)) is a Senior Consultant Surgical Oncologist at Fortis Hospital, Bannerghatta Road, Bengaluru, with over 17 years of experience in the medical field. She completed her MBBS from Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior, followed by an MS in Surgery from the same institution. She further specialized in Surgical Oncology, earning a DNB from the National Board. Dr Pansari has a strong focus on women's cancers, particularly Breast and Gynecological cancers, including ovarian, uterine, and cervical malignancies. She is proficient in advanced breast cancer surgical techniques such as breast conservation surgery, nipple-sparing mastectomy, and both immediate and delayed breast reconstruction using implants or muscle flaps. Her expertise also includes Sentinel Lymph Node Dissection (SLND), Axillary Lymph Node Dissection (ALND), and Reverse Axillary Mapping to reduce the risk of breast cancer-related lymphedema. Additionally, she offers ROLL (Radio-guided Occult Lesion Localization) and Wire-Guided Localization for non-palpable breast lumps. In gynecologic oncology, Dr Pansari performs major laparoscopic and open surgeries, as well as specialized procedures like Cytoreductive Surgery, Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) for peritoneal surface cancers, and Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC). She also specializes in fertility-preserving cancer surgeries and provides comprehensive care for all benign breast conditions.