New Delhi: Stuttering, a common speech disorder that affects over 400 million people globally, may finally have a clearer explanation thanks to a major genetic study conducted by researchers in the United States. The study, published in Nature Genetics, found strong evidence that stuttering is influenced by our genes.

Stuttering is usually recognised by repeated syllables or words, long pauses, and difficulty starting or completing words. While it's the most common type of fluency disorder, its underlying causes have remained largely unknown—until now.

Researchers from Vanderbilt University Medical Centre and other institutions analysed genetic data from more than 1 million people. From this massive dataset, they identified 57 unique genomic locations (loci) and 48 genes linked to stuttering. These findings may help researchers better understand why some individuals stutter and could lead to earlier identification and more effective treatments.

“This is a big step forward,” said Professor Jennifer (Piper) Below, a geneticist at Vanderbilt University. “For a long time, no one understood what causes stuttering. It doesn’t send people to the hospital, but it can have a deep impact on their lives.”

Stuttering often begins in early childhood, typically between the ages of 2 and 5. While about 80% of children recover naturally—with or without therapy—some continue to stutter into adulthood. Interestingly, the study confirmed that stuttering is more common in males, especially as they get older. Researchers believe this difference could be due to varying genetic factors between males and females, which also affects the chances of recovery.

The team also examined different groups based on sex and ancestry and conducted meta-analyses to combine the results. They discovered that the genetic patterns influencing stuttering vary between males and females, which might explain why some people recover while others continue to stutter throughout their lives.

Beyond medical insights, the study could help shift how society views stuttering. Too often, people see it as a personal flaw or something caused by nervousness or poor parenting. These outdated beliefs contribute to stigma, bullying, and social isolation. Children who stutter are more likely to face teasing, struggle in school, and avoid speaking in class. Adults may face challenges in the workplace due to assumptions about their communication skills.

By showing that stuttering is genetically influenced, the researchers hope their findings will encourage greater understanding and support for those affected. They also stress the importance of early diagnosis and access to speech therapy for children who need it.

This study marks a major advance in our understanding of speech disorders and offers real promise for improving the lives of millions affected by stuttering around the world.

Kanchan Chaurasiya
Kanchan Chaurasiya

Kanchan Chaurasiya joined Medical Dialogues in 2025 as a Media and Marketing Intern. She holds a Bachelor's degree in Arts from Delhi University and has completed certifications in digital marketing. She has a strong interest in health news, content creation, hospital updates, and emerging trends. At Medical Dialogues, Kanchan manages social media and also creates web stories to enhance mobile content reach and audience engagement.