Many Americans Unaware of Pregnancy's Long Term Heart Disease Risks: Study

New York: A recent national survey by The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center has revealed that many Americans are unaware of the long-term risks of heart disease associated with pregnancy and the critical care needed before, during, and after childbirth.

The survey found that a majority of respondents believed common pregnancy symptoms such as fatigue (73%) and nausea (65%) were normal, while nearly half did not recognize fluid retention or upper back and neck pain as potential medical concerns. However, these symptoms can sometimes indicate serious heart conditions, including hypertension (high blood pressure), cardiomyopathy (a condition where the heart struggles to pump blood effectively), and preeclampsia, a pregnancy-related disorder that leads to high blood pressure.

During pregnancy, hormonal fluctuations occur to support fetal growth and maternal health. These changes result in an increased heart rate and higher fluid levels in the body, placing additional strain on the heart. The physical exertion of labor and delivery further adds to this stress, explained Dr. Lauren Hassen, a cardiologist and clinical assistant professor at Ohio State’s College of Medicine.

Hassen emphasized the importance of discussing pre-existing health conditions with a doctor before pregnancy and monitoring any health changes throughout and after the pregnancy. “There are pregnancy-related conditions, known as adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and preterm delivery, all of which heighten the risk of developing heart disease later in life,” she said.

Preeclampsia, in particular, has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease and stroke. “Women with this condition may develop heart disease nearly a decade earlier than those without it, making postpartum monitoring crucial,” Hassen added.

To address this growing concern, Hassen and her team at Ohio State are participating in a multi-state study worth $12.5 million, focusing on different approaches to postpartum blood pressure control. Their research aims to improve long-term cardiovascular outcomes for women who experience complications during pregnancy.

With heart disease remaining a leading cause of death in women, experts stress the need for greater awareness and proactive care to mitigate long-term risks associated with pregnancy-related heart complications.